By Peter John

Germany has introduced new rules that could require men aged between 17 and 45 to seek approval before staying abroad for extended periods, as part of efforts to strengthen its military readiness.

The changes are contained in the Military Service Modernisation Act, which came into force on January 1, as Berlin moves to bolster its protection capabilities amid growing security concerns following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

According to Germany’s defence ministry, males aged 17 and above must now obtain prior approval for trips lasting longer than three months. Officials say the measure is designed to maintain an accurate military register in case of a national emergency.

Authorities emphasised that approvals will generally be granted, though it remains unclear how the rule would be enforced if individuals fail to comply.

The requirement drew attention after it was reported by the Frankfurter Rundschau, with officials later confirming that the provision is rooted in amendments to the country’s longstanding conscription laws.

The defence ministry said the rule aims to ensure authorities know the whereabouts of eligible individuals, particularly during times of crisis.

It added that exemptions are being developed to reduce unnecessary bureaucracy and limit the impact on young people.

The updated law builds on Germany’s Conscription Act, originally introduced in 1956 and revised multiple times, most recently in December.

Previously, the obligation to report extended stays abroad applied only during a declared state of national defence.

Germany plans to expand its armed forces from about 180,000 personnel to 260,000 by 2035 under the new framework.

The reforms also introduce voluntary military service, with all 18-year-olds now required to complete a questionnaire indicating their interest in joining the military.

From July 2027, young men will also undergo fitness assessments to determine their eligibility for service in the event of a conflict. While women can volunteer, they cannot be compelled to serve under German law.

Although the system remains voluntary for now, officials have indicated that compulsory service could be reconsidered if security conditions worsen or if there are insufficient recruits.

The changes have sparked protests among some young people, who oppose the possibility of increased military obligations.

Germany ended compulsory military service in 2011 under former chancellor Angela Merkel, following years of reduced military focus after the Cold War.

However, current Chancellor Friedrich Merz has pledged to rebuild the Bundeswehr into Europe’s strongest conventional army, citing a more dangerous and unpredictable security environment across the continent.