Understanding the difference between asthma and pneumonia is crucial for proper treatment and avoiding serious complications, says Dr. Njoroge Tonny, a General Physician who has dealt with numerous misdiagnosed cases of both conditions.
Speaking in a recent interview, Dr. Tonny emphasized that while the two may present overlapping symptoms, their causes and treatments are fundamentally different.
Pneumonia: An Infection, Not Caused by Cold
“Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs,” Dr. Tonny clarified. “It’s not just a result of cold weather. No matter how warmly you dress your child, if they’re exposed to the bacteria or virus, they can still develop pneumonia.”
Typical symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, and fever. Dr. Tonny warns against using over-the-counter medications to self-treat pneumonia, noting that “some people don’t know what they’re doing” and that such practices can delay effective treatment.
To diagnose pneumonia, he recommends specific tests such as the SRP and ESR, along with a chest X-ray. He stresses that a haemogram alone is not sufficient. “Pneumonia can sometimes be confused with tuberculosis and may be acquired either in the community or in a hospital setting,” he added.
Asthma: An Allergic and Variable Condition
In contrast, asthma is not caused by infection but is a result of an allergic reaction, which varies widely between individuals. “Asthma is heterogeneous, it is not the same for everyone,” Dr. Tonny explained.
Symptoms of asthma often include dry cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. He pointed out that asthma is frequently misdiagnosed, and family history or exposure to allergens can increase the risk.
“People with asthma need two types of inhalers, a controller and a regulator,” he said, underscoring the importance of proper management and adherence to medical guidance.
Shared Danger Signs and the Role of Caregivers
While the conditions are distinct, Dr. Tonny notes that asthma and pneumonia can display similar warning signs, particularly in children. “Mothers are more observant when it comes to symptoms in children,” he noted, praising the role of caregivers in early intervention.
He also commended the role of the Society for Health Access (SHA) in assisting patients with payment for crucial diagnostic tests.
Final Word: Seek Professional Diagnosis
Dr. Tonny concluded with a strong message on the dangers of mismanagement. “Dry cough and wheezing can be symptoms of asthma, pneumonia, or even bronchitis,” he said. “Don’t guess, go to a hospital and get examined by a qualified doctor.”
Early and accurate diagnosis, he insists, is key to avoiding disease progression, complications, and potentially fatal outcomes.
Written By Rodney Mbua
