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Wednesday, October 15, 2025
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Portraying Rwanda’s genocide as an encounter with hell

Inside the Sainte-Famille Church which was the scene of killings during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. EPA/Ahmed Jallanzo
Chigbo Arthur Anyaduba, University of Winnipeg

Quoting the words of one local missionary, the Time magazine cover of May 1994 reads:

There are no devils left in Hell, They are all in Rwanda.

As many as 800,000 people, mainly Tutsi, were killed in a 100-day orgy of brutal murder and rape by members of the majority Hutu in Rwanda.

Time’s evocation of hell presents the genocide as an unimaginable phenomenon. It’s also a theological framing of the violence as a product of pure evil.

This vision of the Rwandan genocide as hell is not incidental. Similar iconographies of hell define popular imagination and understanding of the genocide. Consider, for example, the title of Canadian Romeo Dallaire’s memoir, Shake Hands with the Devil. The book provides details of General Dallaire’s experience as the head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda during the genocide.

Also, a short documentary film produced on Dallaire by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2002 was titled _A Good Man in Hell.

The distinct impression these accounts give of the genocide in Rwanda is that it’s, as the American diplomat and political critic Samantha Power’s book aptly suggests, “A Problem from Hell”..

The imagining of genocide as hell conveys the impression that the horrors are not fully imaginable. They can only be witnessed in symbolic forms. In addition, such imaginings encourage a moral – or theological – response to an otherwise violent phenomenon spurred by political events.

The examples I explore constitute the pivot of Western media and artistic representation of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. Yet such iconographies are not exclusive to Western representations of the atrocities. As I point out, they are also part of a central feature in major stories on the genocide written by African authors.

Coming into awareness

Genocide, understood as hell in several other literary projects, is profoundly marked by immense horror. The Rwandan hell figures as a site of unqualifiable cruelty. There, brutal rape is prevalent. Violence is inflicted with extreme sadism and decadence is the normal order of things.

A notable representative work of the kind is Canadian Gil Courtemanche’s celebrated novel, Un dimanche à la piscine à Kigali [A Sunday at the Pool in Kigali]. In the novel, the encounter by a Canadian journalist with the Rwandan mass atrocities presents as a descent into hell.

The examples from Africa include Boubacar Boris Diop’s celebrated novel, Murambi, le livre des ossements [Murambi, the Book of Bones]. The novel relies heavily on the Biblical story of the Gentile’s conversion to Christianity. Cornelius’s conversion and meeting with apostle Simon Peter is central to understanding Diop’s thematic concerns in this novel.


Read more: Debate continues about the media’s role in driving Rwanda’s genocide


The main story of Murambi is about Cornelius Uvimana, a Rwandan exile returning from Djibouti. Cornelius arrives four years after the genocide to witness what he believes to have been the extermination of all members of his own family, and to write a play about the genocide.

His journeys through massacre sites are presented as a descent into different parts of hell. Within this hell, Cornelius’s main guide is his uncle Siméon Habineza, who, like Biblical Simon Peter, “baptizes” Cornelius into ideas and helps him find new insights into human cruelty.

Cornelius’s journey to his hometown of Murambi could symbolise a process of coming into awareness. His ignorance about the genocide and his sense of self-righteousness disappear as he delves deeper into the hell of post-genocide Rwanda. He realises while inside this hell that the massacre of over 50,000 people including his mother and siblings has been planned and executed by his own father, Dr Joseph Karekezi.

Descent into hell

Just like Diop’s Murambi, some other accounts of the genocide present encounters with atrocity as descent into hell. These include Veronique Tadjo’s memoir, L’ombre d’Imana: voyages jusq’au bout du Rwanda (The Shadow of Imana: Travels in the Heart of Rwanda). There’s also a genocide survivor memoir Left to Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust by [Immaculée Ilibagiza], Benjamin Sehene’s novel, Le Feu sous la soutane [“Fire Beneath the Cassock”]. Finally, the novel, Le Passé devant soi (The Past Ahead) by Gilbert Gatore.

All differently and in fascinating ways represent the 1994 genocide in Rwanda in some form constituting descents into hell.

The prevalence of the hell narrative suggests that stories about the 1994 genocide have been evolving as descent narratives. These narratives represent the sites in which one encounters the casualties of genocidal violence as hell and the journey there as a descent into hell.

In such narratives, the protagonist usually descends into an infernal underworld that looks like an afterlife. After a “tour” of the infernal underworld, he or she emerges bearing a new moral awareness put into the service of bearing witness to the unspeakable horrors and evil he or she saw there.

Understood in this way, the Rwandan Genocide narratives are a legacy of cautionary tales in which the damned bequeaths to posterity the moral “truths” about its genocidal past.The Conversation

Chigbo Arthur Anyaduba, Assistant Professor, University of Winnipeg

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

How we solved the mystery of the human sperm tail – and what it could mean for the future of IVF

Hermes Gadelha, University of York

Every time a man ejaculates about 55m sperm are released. This is equivalent to more than six times the entire population of London or New York, and more than twice the population of Shanghai city.

But of course, not all of these sperm will go on to become babies. In fact only around 15 sperm are able to make it through the female reproductive tract. This is because for a sperm, the journey to fertilise an egg is a treacherous one. And now, our new research has discovered what gives human sperm the strength to succeed in the race to fertilise the egg – and it’s all to do with their tails.

In the reproductive tract, sperm encounter a complex chemical and physical landscape. A sperm must escape the deadly acids of the vagina, penetrate the thick cervical mucus barrier – this is around a hundred times thicker than water – not get trapped in a cervical crypt that leads to nowhere, endure uterine contractions, to eventually find the tiny opening that leads to the oviducts – the tube through which an egg passes from an ovary. This is all while being attacked in the uterus by white blood cells.

This all takes place before a sperm can penetrate another thick protective layer that surrounds the egg. All this may sound excessively difficult for the tiny sperm, but these barriers are there for protection – the uterus is designed to receive a baby, and the sperm could be an invading force carrying diseases.

Our research has discovered that it is a reinforced outer layer which coats the tails of human sperm that gives them the strength to make the powerful rhythmic strokes needed to break through this jelly-like cervical mucus blockage.

Making the discovery

Sperm tails –- or flagella –- measure just the breadth of a hair in length and are incredibly complex. So to find out more about how they work, we used a virtual sperm model to compare the tails of sperm from humans and other mammals (which fertilise inside the body) with sperm from sea urchins (which fertilise in open water outside the body).

We found that although the tails of sea urchin and human sperm share the same bendy inner core, it seems that the tails of sperm in mammals may have evolved a reinforcing outer layer. This outer layer, or “cape”, gives them the exact amount of extra strength and stability needed to overcome the thick fluid barrier they come up against in internal fertilisation.

Virtual sperm with and without the reinforcing ‘cape’. Author provided

Using our virtual sperm model, we created a “Frankenstein” sperm by adding and removing features of the tails from different species so that we could identify how each one functions. We also increased the liquid viscosity for the various sperms to swim through. What we found was that, when the virtual sea urchin-like sperm was made to swim through liquid as viscous as cervical mucus, their tails quickly buckled under the pressure – which meant they were unable to propel themselves forward. In many cases this “trapped” the sperm to swim in circles.

Human sperm on the other hand, thrashed around wildly in a low-viscosity liquid like water, but in thicker liquids they swam with a powerful rhythmic wave. This is also found in actual experiments with sea urchin sperm and human sperm swimming in thick substances. Of course, we don’t know which adaptation came first, the stronger sperm or the cervical mucus – or whether they co-evolved.

Finding the fittest sperm

But these findings are not only interesting from an evolutionary perspective – they could also help to lead to better sperm selection methods in fertility clinics, which would enable doctors to easily identify the fittest sperms.

In the UK, one in seven couples are classed as having reduced fertility – and sperm dysfunction is the most common cause. Sperm count in Western men has halved since 1970 and male fertility has become a global challenge. One in six couples receive fertility treatment in the UK – and for every 100 children born, one of those children will have been conceived by IVF.

But it is also very difficult to have a baby via IVF – one in four pregnancies ends in miscarriage. Birth success rates from IVF in the UK range from 2% to 33% depending on the woman’s age – with under-35s standing a much higher chance. And if you do need to pay for treatment, one single cycle of IVF including fertility drugs normally costs between £3000 and £5000. NHS only provides up to three IVF full cycles – but this can depend on the postcode lottery of where you live and what your GP can offer.

The findings could be a game changer for the way healthy sperm are selected at IVF clinics. Shutterstock

Our research highlights the precise adaptation of the human sperm tail that enables it to swim in the cervical mucus – and this emphasises the importance of imitating the natural selection of the reproductive tract while assessing and screening sperm for use in IVF.

This is an important finding as the current “sperm count” used in clinics is a poor predictor of fertility and high-viscosity fluids imitating the cervical mucus are still not currently used in clinics. It is clear then that more research and in-depth clinical tests are now needed to assess the impact of our findings on future IVF rounds.The Conversation

Hermes Gadelha, Lecturer in Applied Mathematics, University of York

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

First Lady: African governments are taking collective measures to grow tourism sector

First Lady Margaret Kenyatta has said that African governments are taking proactive measures aimed at ensuring the travel and tourism sector contributes more to the continent’s economy.

She said African governments have resolved to collectively work together as a team to sustainably utilize and grow the sector for wealth and job creation.

“This sector has the potential to accelerate Africa’s progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, specifically Goal 8, on the promotion of decent work and economic growth and, Goal 9 that targets industry, innovation and infrastructure,” the First Lady said.

First Lady Margaret Kenyatta spoke today when she delivered the key note address at the ongoing World Travel and Tourism Council summit in Seville, Spain.

The First Lady said in its quest to develop the sector, Kenya has taken several measures including torching of ivory and rhino horns to deter poaching of wildlife.

She said through these radical measures the country has seen a decline in poaching noting that the enhanced wildlife law enforcement and aggressive anti-poaching interventions are showing results.

“Since 1989 to date, Kenya has burned a total of 137 tonnes of ivory and 1.5 tonnes of rhino horns,” the First Lady said.



First Lady Margaret Kenyatta said the global summit provides a platform to strengthen the collective resolve to eradicate illegal wildlife trade, to build coalitions and to find solutions to better protect wildlife.

The First Lady observed that the international ban on commercial ivory trade including China’s commitment in 2016 has been a powerful catalyst in curbing the growing demand for wildlife products.

“The African Elephant Coalition, a consortium of 29 African member countries, have joined forces to strongly advocate for the total ban on wildlife trade,” she said. 

She said, the travel and tourism sector is linked to virtually all other economic activities and is therefore a key determinant of the future of African economies.

“Intricate linkages relate tourism to the entire economic development ecosystem including agriculture, education, infrastructure and information communication technology positioning this sector to be among the leading catalysts for the future of Africa,” First Lady Margaret Kenyatta noted.

The Kenyan First Lady said the future of the travel and tourism sector largely rests on the stakeholders willingness to collectively manage the vulnerabilities that impede its progress.

She underscored the importance of the sector to Africa’s economy citing current world tourism statistics which ranks Africa second in the world. In 2018, the sector contributed194.2 billion US dollars representing 8.5 percent of the continent’s GDP.



“We registered a growth of 5.6 percent demonstrating faster growth in this sector than in the American, European and Middle East economies thus generating foreign exchange, creating jobs and enhancing tax revenues,” the First Lady observed.

The Kenyan First Lady said the figures convey a positive and encouraging narrative and gives hope to millions of people in Africa adding that the sector has the capacity to transition individual African countries towards more inclusive and resilient economies.

“It improves the quality of life for communities. This positive growth trajectory must therefore be safeguarded through: expanded investments; stronger policies and sector incentives that promote public private partnerships,” said the First Lady.

In order for the sector to continue on the positive growth trajectory, First Lady Margaret Kenyatta called for the inclusion and full participation of women and the youth.

“Social inclusion and social protection are two key entry points that are critical if we are to reap the demographic dividends of our youthful population, and benefit from full participation of women who are a powerful, yet untapped force in the growth of our economies,” she said.

“Limited access to information, lack of credit, discrimination and stereotyping are some of the barriers that we, as leaders, must address if we are to truly apply our transformative roles as change makers in the sector,” the First Lady added.

During the summit, First Lady Margaret Kenyatta was presented with an award in recognition of her support for the global meeting and her growing contribution to growth and development of the travel and tourism sector in the world.

H.E. President Kenyatta’s speech – 2019 State of the Nation Address

Fellow Kenyans;

In accordance with Article 132 of the Constitution, I am honoured to report to Parliament the measures taken and progress achieved in the realisation of the National Values set out in Article 10 of the Constitution, as well as the progress made in fulfilling our International Obligations.

It is my pleasure to submit the same to this Special Sitting of the Two Houses of Parliament and to the entire Nation of Kenya.

Mr. Speaker,
The state of our Nation is STRONG!!!

We remain a country striving and ambitious, taking on our pressing challenges and not avoiding them. 

We do this because we know that the path to lasting cohesion, decent jobs for our people, can only be achieved in an environment where fairness, integrity and the Rule of Law are observed by all citizens without exception. 

Mr. Speaker,
As President of the Republic of Kenya and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces, I have heard the cries of our people, and their stated hopes and aspirations for a better Kenya.   

When they elected me as their President, I committed to strive and unceasingly fulfil the trust and confidence they placed in me.  I will not turn back on this commitment.

I am well aware the task ahead of us, no doubt, is enormous.  But there is no turning back in our quest to transform our national economy to become truly an engine for creating jobs and opportunities for Kenyans. 

There is no turning back on government reforms that are intended to improve service provision to all Kenyans.  There is no turning back on fighting all enemies of Kenya, foreign or domestic, so as to ensure that Kenyans and their property are secure.

No turning back on the obligations we have made in the Big Four Agenda, to environmental sustainability, to inter-generational equity and to upholding a strong rules-based international system.

There will be no turning back on the Building Bridges Initiative that assures inclusion, cohesion, unity and respect for all Kenyans.  No turning back on the war against corruption as it is a just war, a war to prevent misuse of public resources for selfish interests by those we have entrusted to manage them. 

We are not turning back because we are determined to gift our children a better Kenya than the one we inherited.  A prosperous Kenya where respect for the rule of law and integrity are the accepted norms.   

Mr. Speaker,
Following the Country’s first General Election under the New Constitution, I took the Oath of Office as the first President elected under the new Legal Order.

My first term laid the foundation for a better Kenya by building on the promise and aspirations of the new Constitution, as articulated under Article 10, and, therefore, set the stage to propel our country to greater security, health, unity, prosperity, equity and justice.

Mr. Speaker,
The National Values and Principles of Governance epitomize the Vision that Kenyans have for their Nation.  The forty-three words are the promise we have made to ourselves and the generations to come.  As we reflect on these values, let us ask ourselves as leaders in the public and private sectors as well as ordinary Kenyans, how much we are paying heed to these values and principles in our personal conduct.

Across the length and breadth of this Great Nation, ordinary Kenyans continue to do extraordinary things that show that the flame of our National Spirit burns brighter than ever before.

Our men and women in various disciplines keep the flag of Kenya flying high at international events, bringing glory to our Nation. In this regard, the Nation Salutes Eliud Kipchoge and his compatriots, who have continued to make our national anthem, echo around capitals of the World.

We are proud of Peter Tabichi, who was recently voted the Best Teacher in the World; he has demonstrated our aspiration and potential to deliver world-class education standards.

Our entrepreneurs and business leaders are driving forward our economy, which, I am proud to say, remains one of the largest and most vibrant on the continent.  Leading the string of innovators is Roy Allela who garnered global accolades for inventing smart gloves that convert sign language movement into audio speech. 

Mr. Speaker,
These Kenyans remind us, what we could achieve, if we remained true to our national values.

On behalf of a grateful Nation, I thank all of those Men and Women who serve the Republic in whatever capacity, who uphold our Values and our Way of Life, who, defer to what is right, who show that our Diversity is an Asset; and all those who have paid the ultimate price to secure our Freedoms and Way of Life.

Mr. Speaker,
Devolution remains one of the novelties of our new constitutional Order. Since April 2013, more than 1.7 Trillion Shillings have been transferred to the Counties.

Devolution has received the full and firm support of my Administration, and, together with an enabling and supportive Parliament, we have seen it transform lives, revive local economies, and bring service delivery closer to the People.

There is No Turning Back on Devolution.  The System is sound and has proven its value and contribution to national development. 

Its potential and value will be greatly enhanced by focus on service delivery, prioritizing development expenditure, unwavering commitment to integrity and anti-corruption, and strict commitment to value for money in procurement. Devolution will, no doubt, transform our Nation.

Mr. Speaker,
Parliament remains a strident defender of our Democracy. I laud Parliament for its steady guiding hand as we implement our transformative Agenda for the Country and its commitment to playing its constitutionally mandated oversight role.

Mr. Speaker, I also wish to acclaim Parliament for its continued diligence. In the period under review, 22 Bills have been enacted into Acts of Parliament, with 2 currently awaiting Presidential Assent. Some of the groundbreaking legislation that has emanated from Parliament over the last year include the Kenya Coast Guard Services Act, which established our Nation’s first Coast Guard Service, the Petroleum Act, the Energy Act and the National Youth Service Act.

Mr. Speaker, to facilitate the implementation of our programmes under the Big Four, I urge both Houses of Parliament to fast-track the mediation of the Land Value Index Laws (Amendment) Bill, the Physical Planning Bill, the Irrigation Bill, the Warehouse Receipt System Bill and Kenya Roads Bill.

Mr. Speaker,
The consideration and approval by Parliament of various Protocols, Treaties and Sessional Papers continue to enhance Kenya’s international standing in the community of nations, creating stability and predictability in our Governance Framework.

During the period under review, various Treaties and Protocols have been ratified including the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement, the Tripartite Free Trade Area Agreement and the EAC Protocol on Cooperation in Meteorological Services.

I am pleased to note that Parliament has also approved the National Housing Policy and the National Policy on Climate Financing, two sessional papers that will have tangible benefits on the day-to-day lives of Kenyans.  I look forward to continued positive engagement with Parliament in the quest for a better Kenya.

Mr. Speaker,
The State of our Economy is STRONG!!!

Our broad-based economic growth averaged 5.6% over the last 5 years, out-performing the average global growth. In 2018, provisional estimates show the economy grew by 6.1%.  This encouraging growth performance was supported by strong public and private sector investments as well as prudent macro-economic policies.

In 2018, economic growth was largely driven by the wholesale and retail trade, real estate, information and communication and tourism.

It is worth noting that, despite the challenges facing the wholesale and retail trade, the sector has attracted new international supermarket chains and continues to support the expansion of domestic players.

In 2019, we expect an even stronger growth of 6.3 percent, reflecting continued improvement in the business environment, momentum associated with execution of the Big Four Agenda, and sustained macroeconomic stability.

Hon Speaker,
In the same reporting Period, inflation averaged 4.6 percent, remaining within the set target. Our official foreign exchange reserves averaged USD. 8.7billion in the review period, representing 5.8 months of import cover.  These reserves provide the country with adequate buffer against shocks in the foreign exchange market.

Indeed, the Kenya Shilling held steady against major currencies, with an annual average exchange rate of Ksh. 101 to the US Dollar. This was supported by a narrowing of the gap between our exports of goods and services, from 5.5 percent of gross domestic product in February 2018 to 4.7 percent in February, 2019. Agricultural exports, particularly horticulture, receipts from tourism, and Diaspora remittances largely explain the improvement in our current account position.

In the ‘World Bank Ease-of-Doing-Business Index – 2019’, Kenya’s ranking improved 19 places to position 61 globally. This made our Nation one of the most improved Countries during the review period. It is our intention to build on this success to further improve our ranking to be among the top 50 by the year 2020.

Overall, our economic outlook remains positive; underpinned by the implementation of our transformative development agenda.

Mr. Speaker,
We remain true to our long-term strategy, the Kenya Vision 2030.  The Medium Term Plan of 2018 – 2021, is the Big Four Agenda.

During this period, we expect the economy to grow at an annual average of rate 6.6 per cent.  Our focus is on socio-economic interventions in critical sectors, that we believe will enhance the quality of life for all Kenyans, in ways that are tangible and measurable.

In Manufacturing, my Administration is prioritizing local motor vehicle assembly and manufacturing of spare parts.  This initiative has witnessed Peugeot and Volkswagen assembly lines set up in Kenya. 

Since their revival, the two companies have jointly assembled 627 motor vehicles; and by the end of 2019, they will have assembled at least 1,500 vehicles.  This is a positive beginning for the sector that is expected to rapidly expand and make Kenya the regional Motor Vehicle Assembly hub.

This will create various opportunities for our people, particularly for the youth.

Mr. Speaker,
Our programme on Universal Health Coverage is expected to ensure a healthier Nation as the basis for social and economic development.

In this regard, we have successfully rolled-out the pilot phase of the programme in the Counties of Isiolo, Machakos, Nyeri and Kisumu.

The programme has witnessed enhanced access to essential health services, with an average increase of 39% reported in the pilot Counties.  We are on course for the full roll-out of the universal health coverage in the year 2019/2020 in the remaining 43 counties.

Hon. Members,
Agriculture is the largest employer in the economy, accounting for 60 percent of total employment. 

In recognition of its central role, my Administration earmarked the sector as a key pillar of the Big Four, as we seek to ensure Food Security and Nutrition for all Kenyans.

Our reforms are farmer-centric, and are focused on reducing the cost of food, increasing agricultural value-addition and offering incentives for farming. 

To enhance food production at household level, over the last year, we have constructed 4,400 water pans under the Household Irrigation Water Project.  The pans will store 6 million cubic meters of water, placing an additional 6,000 acres under irrigation.

To address the perennial challenges in the Sugar and Maize sub-Sectors, my Administration commits to decisively act on the recommendations of the two sectoral taskforces that are slated to report their findings later on this month.

I expect that the teams will propose bold and transformative interventions to revive and sustainably grow these important sub-sectors.

Additionally, my Administration has prioritized reforms in the Coffee sub-Sector, and implemented numerous interventions emanating from the recommendations of the Coffee Taskforce.  These include the ambitious rehabilitation of 500 pulping stations (factories) in 31 coffee-growing Counties.   

Mr. Speaker, with a view to comprehensively resolve the problem of undue delays in the payment cycle, we have set up a Ksh.3 billion Cherry Advance Revolving Fund to be operational from July 1, 2019. 

Consequently, all Coffee Farmers across the Country will be able to access the Cherry Advance at a modest interest rate of 3%.

Mr. Speaker,
Access to decent and affordable housing is a basic human right that my Administration is determined and committed to honour.  We are fulfilling this through the Affordable Housing Programme.  To realize this vision, we have promulgated the Affordable Housing Development Framework Guidelines, providing the enabling policy and financing for the roll out of this transformative Programme.

We are now on track to deliver affordable housing to Kenyans.  This life changing programme is being undertaken in partnership with County Governments and the Private Sector. Kenyans have shown that they are ready for this despite court cases and initial delays. Over 175,000 Kenyans have already registered under the voluntary scheme known as “Boma Yangu”. These Kenyans will undoubtedly be first in line for the allocation of houses.

Additionally, the Affordable Housing Programme is expected to create opportunities for the local industry.  In this regard, we have ring-fenced the supply of certain components, such as doors and windows, for exclusive delivery by Micro, Small and Medium size enterprises. 

This will not only put money in the pockets of our local artisans, but also supports formalization of the industry.

Mr. Speaker,
The delivery of the Big Four is on course.  We expect the private sector to take advantage of the policies and incentives in place, and turn the four priority areas into mighty engines of wealth and job creation.

Hon. Speaker,
The realization of the Big Four is dependent on critical enablers, including: Energy, Transport, Education, Water and Information, Communication and Technology.

To provide reliable and cost-effective electricity that meets current and future demand, we have put in place measures to accelerate the development of the entire power generation, electricity transmission and supply infrastructure. This will also support the realization of universal access to electricity by the year 2022.

I am happy to report that installed capacity has increased from 1,768 MW in March, 2013 to the current 2,712 MW, with Lake Turkana Wind, Ngong Wind and Garissa Solar Power Plants joining the grid within the last year.   

In collaboration with development partners, we have made tremendous gains in scaling-up connectivity over the last six years; with the number of electricity connections rising from 2.264 million in March 2013 to 7.029 million as at March 2019.  The tangible impact on the lives and livelihoods of our people, associated with the increased electricity connectivity, cannot be gainsaid.

With respect to Road infrastructure, our Agencies continue to upgrade new roads to bitumen standards, in addition to rehabilitating existing ones.  Notable road projects completed in the last year are: 9 Km Dongo Kundu (Mirirtini-Mwache road); 47 Km Kisumu-Kakamega road; 38 Km Chebilat-Ikonge-Chabera road, 35 Km Oljo Orok-Dundori road; 80 Km Kamatira-Cheptongei Road in West Pokot; and 38 km Kisima-Kibirichia-Kina-Ruiri Road in Meru County.

Within our Capital City, we continue to rehabilitate major arteries, including Ngong Road Phase I; Githurai – Kimbo Road (Phase II), Waiyaki-Red Hill Road, among others.   Working with the Nairobi County Government, our intention is to positon Nairobi to join the league of “First World Cities”.  Why Not!

These interventions have facilitated faster and cheaper movement of goods and persons, connecting our people.  Better still, the expansion and upgrading of our road network has mitigated traffic congestion and enhanced road safety in our major cities and municipalities.

On Rail infrastructure, we are on course to completing Phase 2A of the Region’s most iconic infrastructure project – the Standard Gauge Railway Line from Nairobi to Naivasha, which is now at about 90% completion.   I look forward to journeying with Members from both Houses in the inaugural SGR trip from Nairobi to Naivasha.

Hon. Members,
The Madaraka Express remains a story of remarkable success and national pride.  It has been listed among the top 13 most magnificent railway tours for 2019. 

Two and a half (2.5) million passengers have travelled by Madaraka Express since inception in May, 2018, and, 3.881 million tons of cargo have been transported on the line.

Mr. Speaker,
Air Transport is on a dramatic upward trajectory in Kenya.  To facilitate this, we continue to upgrade our Airports and Air-Strips across the country.

In October 2018, Kenya was able to launch direct flights connecting Nairobi to New York. This connectivity is expected to increase the number of tourists to the country whilst opening up a large market in the United States for our export produce.

Today, our transformative agenda is visible to all. These infrastructure developments in addition to supporting the realization of the Big Four, have opened opportunities for Big and Small Businesses   and improved the livelihoods of many Kenyans.

Mr. Speaker,
My Administration recognises the role played by micro, small and medium enterprises in spurring the development of our country.  The sector, employs approximately 14.9 million Kenyans and contributes an estimated 28 % of our Gross Domestic Product.

To unlock the latent potential resident in the sector, my Administration has been working towards addressing the challenges of access to credit, training and skills development. 

In this regard, we will be launching an “SME Credit Guarantee Scheme” in few weeks, aimed at deepening their access to credit without being subjected to complex application procedures and collateral requirements.

These interventions are critical to production of competitive goods and services for the domestic, regional and globally markets.

In respect of the Leather Value Chain, a Common Manufacturing Unit at Kariokor Market, in Nairobi, is nearing completion.  Once fully equipped, this Centre will provide impetus to the local shoe making industry, to professionalize and standardize manufacture of shoes.

We are undertaking similar initiatives with the Textile Value Chain at Uhuru Market, developing a Centre of Excellence for the modern production of finished textile goods.

Mr. Speaker,
The above interventions are intended to promote the values of Social Justice, Inclusivity and Access for all; ensuring that the benefits of our growing economy are not limited to just a few people.

To facilitate inclusivity and to enable appropriate planning for the needs of all persons, we are rolling out the 2019 National Housing and Population Census later this year. 

This Exercise, together with the National Integrated Identity Management System (NIIMS), will ensure that all persons’ resident in Kenya will be enumerated in order to provide accurate data that is required for proper planning at all levels of Government.

Additionally, it is expected that when fully implemented, a comprehensive one-stop shop for all population and national identity records will be in place.

Mr. Speaker,
The National Values are best realized through proactive reform measures in Education.  It is in our Schools that we can best embed in our children Human Dignity, Equity, Social Justice, Inclusivity, and all the other Values that we cherish and hold dear.

It is for that reason that my Administration introduced curriculum reforms designed to better align our education system with our National Values. 

The reforms are expected to mold a people who embody innovation and excellence.  The result will be a globally competitive human capital base, having the tools for success in a fast-paced and dynamic world.

Mr. Speaker,
In fulfilment of the same, in 2018, my Administration adopted the Policy on Universal Access to Basic Education.  The Policy seeks to ensure that all our children enroll in Primary School and complete their Secondary School Education, with a 100% transition rate. This measure will go a long way to ensuring that all Kenyans have access to equal opportunities and a chance to further their passions.  Our aggressive push of this agenda has this year seen us achieve 100 percent transition rate, the highest on the Continent. 

Hon. Members,
To address the pressure on schools facilities across the Country, my Administration has prioritized development of school infrastructure for the Fiscal Year 2019/2020.  I call on all Members of Parliament to act in solidarity with our Children and approve the Education Budget as per our request. 

Secondly, I urge you to prioritise allocation of the Constituency Development Funds towards school infrastructure.

Mr. Speaker,
There is No Turning Back on our commitment to ensure that No Child is left behind.

As part of Tertiary Education reforms, my Administration has implemented a rejuvenation of Vocational Training Institutions, to build on the skills needed to contribute to Nation Building and in particular the manufacturing pillar of the Big Four.

Over the last three years, my Administration has set aside an unprecedented amount of resources towards supporting students joining technical and vocational training institutions.

Mr. Speaker,
We are a country blessed with natural resources, which, if properly managed, will transform in a big way our nation and the welfare of our people. 

We, however, must appreciate that these resources are finite.  In that context, it must be our solemn duty as a State to manage those resources sustainably for the fair and equitable benefit of both present and future generations.   

Mindful of that solemn duty, my Administration has developed and will be presenting during this session of Parliament, the Sovereign Wealth Fund Bill.  The Bill proposes creation of a Fund and provides a legal framework to guide the investment of revenues from Oil, Gas, Mineral and other qualifying Natural Resource.

The Fund, as proposed in this Bill, comprises of three parts, notably (i) a stabilization fund; (ii) an Infrastructure and Development Fund; and (iii) a Future Generation Fund. 

It is important to underscore that, other than the cost of services of those entrusted to manage the Fund, all the monies in the Fund will be used to finance critical national development programmes in order to ensure sustainability.

Mr. Speaker,
Sustainable Development is a constitutional imperative and one of the National Values.  Sustainable Development remains a core consideration within my Government, guiding the outlook and implementation of our Policies, Programmes and Projects across the board.

As the Host Nation of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Kenya remains a global leader in Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development.

My Administration has spearheaded the implementation of various environmental initiatives including:  Interventions for the Sustainable Exploitation of the Blue Economy, sustained the ban on environmentally harmful classes of plastic and polythene carrying and packaging materials, enhanced the protection and promotion of our Nation’s forests in line with our commitment to achieve a minimum of 10% forest cover by 2020, and interventions with regard to water and air quality.

These interventions not only protect the environment but also create business and employment opportunities through the Green Economy.   Indeed, as a result of our interventions, Kenya is a global leader in green energy with 85% of our energy coming from renewable resources.

Mr. Speaker,
I am delighted to update this August assembly on the progress we have made in fulfilling our International Obligations and positioning Kenya as a leader in the region, continent and globally.

Kenya has always and will continue to fulfil her international obligations as a responsible Member of the Community of Nations.  We do so conscious of the fact that fidelity to international law and commitment to our international obligations is critical to the structured management of international and diplomatic relations, and will promote our pursuit of common interests with other States.

Kenya is a party to over two hundred and eighty multilateral treaties.  In the past one year, we ratified three (3) multilateral treaties. These instruments will enhance market access for Kenyan products in Africa, share critical information and generate wealth and jobs for Kenyans. 

Mr. Speaker,
My Government continues to lobby for and participate in senior positions within various international organizations. 

Hon. Members,
Kenya’s election to the AU Peace and Security Council in 2019 and our strategic decision to vie for a non-permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council for the period 2021/2022 are geared towards affirming Kenya’s historical pride as a leader in regional peace and security matters.

During the period under review, Kenya has invested in robust diplomatic engagements at a bilateral and multilateral level, in furtherance of our strategic national interests.  These include engagements with regional partners such as Ethiopia, Namibia and Uganda; and globally with the United States of America, Canada, France, China, and the United Kingdom, among other peer jurisdictions.

Mr. Speaker,
Building a better Kenya is the desire of every Kenyan.  But we must be alive to the reality that this noble goal cannot be achieved if we are operating in disharmony.  Every one of us, Hon. Members, must appreciate the importance of unity and cohesion in this pursuit. We all know the damage that we have suffered in the past, as a result of discord among ourselves.

Indeed, it has been and it remains an urgent agenda to bring harmony, unity and civility to the political landscape and discourse in this country.  This is what informed the Building Bridges Initiative – the Handshake.

In all our cultures, Mr. Speaker, a handshake is an expression of goodwill, friendship, trust and reconciliation.  It is synonymous with peace. Our handshake has been followed by millions of handshakes across the length and breadth of the Republic.

Leaders across the country and at every level of Government have opted for a renewed politics of unity. This has given Kenya a new and stable platform upon which we can rise above individual and sectarian interests, religious divide and partisan politics as we build a better, stronger and more prosperous Kenya.

We know very well, we successfully secured our independence because, as a people, we were united.  Unity was our key weapon.

Therefore, Hon. Members, we are not turning back on uniting the country.  We have chosen the hard road of building unity and cohesion against the easy road of division.  We are a greater people for it.

Already, the Building Bridges Initiative is engaging Kenyans across the entire country and soon will have the opportunity to comment on its findings and recommendations.

Against this background Mr. Speaker, I reaffirm a commitment previously made to this House of designating Ksh. 10 Billion to heal the wounds of historical grievance which have long poisoned by our politics and strained communal relations.

With Parliament’s help, and through the affected communities, we will be applying the Fund towards establishing symbols of hope across the country through the construction of heritage sites and community information centers. These will remind us, and our future generation of the journey taken towards reconciliation and healing. My office will manage this initiative as part of building bridges.

Mr. Speaker,
The Unity we are pursuing is not only unity between Brothers and Sisters within our Borders, but also Unity of the Brothers and Sisters that form the East African Community and the Greater Continent of Africa.

The Path to Prosperity for individual African States lies in promoting Intra-African Trade, Integration and building bridges between our Communities and Nations that recognize that we have far more in common than we have as differences.

Mr. Speaker,
His Excellency Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, the President of the Republic of Uganda and a Great Statesman and Pan-Africanist, recently remarked that “the Integration of Africa is centered on three issues: Prosperity, Security and Fraternity.  When we talk about integration we are talking about the prosperity of families of Africa, We are talking about Prosperity of Business groups in Africa and creating space for shared prosperity.” 

Mr. Speaker, Kenya’s Prosperity, Security and Fraternity lies in ever closer unity with our Partners in the EAC at the first level, and thereafter wider Regional and Continental alignments.  My Administration remains committed to maximizing the Benefits for Kenya by mutually deepening economic and eventual political integration of the East African Community.

In line with the spirit of Pan Africanism, I wish to extend our gratitude to the African Union for appointing one of our own to spearhead infrastructural connectivity across the Continent. This is key to actualizing the shared prosperity of the African people through promoting trade between our brothers and sisters and further strengthening our bond of unity in the great Continent.

Mr. Speaker,
We are not turning back on our quest to unite EAST AFRICA, and AFRICA.

Mr. Speaker
Turning to security, I am proud to say that the state of our National Security is equally strong. 

As an island of peace in a conflict-prone and fragile region, Kenya nevertheless faces challenges from transnational crimes such as money laundering, terrorism financing, smuggling, narcotics, human trafficking and the trade in illicit small arms and light weapons.

In the past year our country continued to strengthen its alliances and partnerships for security.  The skills and capabilities of our Defence, Security and Intelligence Services have grown in leaps and bounds; and, as a Country, we are better prepared to address the threats to our National Security.

We honour the brave men and women who have paid the ultimate price for our security. We thank the individual Kenyans who are willing to speak up bravely against radicalisation and criminality and for standing up to serve their fellow Kenyans.  We announce again to our enemies, and the world, that Kenya, as a nation, cannot be stopped by their plots and evils.

Our will to greatness, to cohesion and unity, to development and prosperity, and to peace and security, will never be turned back or aside. Our practical efforts reflect this spirit.

Our response to external and transnational security threats has been: determined reforms to our immigration system’s integrity, and the strengthening of border security and management.  Our border points are better managed, and the establishment and continued expansion of the Border Police Unit is deterring, detecting and disrupting threats to our security. We have effectively adopted a ‘follow-the-money’ approach to investigations and prosecutions that will continue to be strengthened and applied across the range of serious crimes, including economic ones.

We have seized and destroyed confiscated narcotics, while continuing to interdict smuggled contraband and counterfeit products.

The brave men and women of the Kenya Defence Forces stand tall, protecting the homeland from external threats.  They also serve in foreign lands as part of a global commitment to promoting and protecting peace and security.

Within our Borders, our law enforcement and security officers are detecting, deterring, dismantling and destroying threats to the people and the state. They sacrifice selflessly so that Kenyans can live in safety and freedom.

My Administration has continued to encourage participation of our people in promoting national security and in protecting communities.  Over 15,000 Nyumba Kumi clusters have been established across the country. 

The unique national innovation of County Action Plans to Prevent and Counter Violent Extremism are also being rolled out across the country.

Kenya is a country that believes in giving second chances to those who are genuinely seeking to return to a path of legal conduct and to embrace our constitutional values.  In this regard, we are undertaking initiatives to disengage; rehabilitate and reintegrate returnees who had been members of listed terrorist groups. 

We will continue to press the war against terrorist groups and networks, and their facilitators. Key to this is continuing to strengthen our legal tools against these groups so that they are unable to take advantage of our democracy and open society, to hide in plain sight while planning to perpetrate their crimes against humanity. Our Nation will not turn back from the path of Democracy and the Rule of Law because of the actions of a few criminals. We remain unshakably committed to our Values; in this, we shall prevail.

Mr. Speaker,
In recognition of the fact that for law enforcement agencies to effectively discharge their duties, they need to be empowered and appropriately capacitated.  We are, therefore, undertaking enhanced training and improvements in welfare, more effective use of technology, equipment investments, and far better coordination between and within agencies.

Almost 2000 CCTV cameras are working in Nairobi and Mombasa, offering real time 24-hour security monitoring.  This has greatly assisted our police in solving complicated crimes.

To foster security, the Government has repossessed 5,050 assorted weapons illegally held by civilians as part of the ongoing firearm verification process.

Mr. Speaker,
Kenya leads the region in developing a vibrant digital commercial sector.  In this regard, we have developed a national cyber-security strategy; enacted the Computer Misuse and Cyber Crimes Act, implemented a national cyber security training initiative, and established specialized teams with defensive cyber-warfare capabilities, in an endevour to protect the economy from cyber-crimes.

Mr. Speaker,
From the foregoing, it is clear that the State of our Nation is strong, vibrant and beaming with promise.  However, Corruption and Impunity endangers each and every one of those gains.  It compromises on the promise of Devolution, our Economic Growth Targets, the Realisation of the Big Four, Access to Education, Security, Human Dignity, Rule of Law and the very existence of the Republic.

Corruption and Impunity create social distortions and divisions, fuel inequity and poverty, destroy the fabric of society and diminish the vitality of our Nation’s upcoming generations by setting the wrong example for them.

There is no community, no religion, no moral code in Kenya that endorses stealing and abusing positions of responsibility.  Africans, no matter their heritage or where they are in this continent, have ethical and moral principles as core of their cultures. 

The magnitude of the war against corruption we are fighting today is unprecedented, taking place within our core institutions of Parliament, the Executive, Judiciary, County Governments and also in our religious institutions, private sector and professional bodies.

While past administrations made attempts to deal with the challenge, the problem remained enormous and required more determined focus.

Mr. Speaker,
Following my proclamation on Anti-Corruption in 2015, my Administration embarked on a programme to deepen the fight against the corruption monster through strengthening and resourcing the institutions charged with this most noble duty. 

Since then we continue to witness the highest levels of engagement and action on this previously taboo subject.

For the first time in our nation’s history, eight Cabinet Secretaries and eight Principal Secretaries have stepped aside to give way for investigations and prosecution, a concept previously unknown in public sector management.

Seven current and former Governors and over thirty Chief Executive Officers of State Corporations are under active investigation or prosecution for various corruption related offences. In several cases, banks and other financial institutions have been fined for breach of regulatory duty.

In fidelity with the law, upon institution of any charges against a public or state officer, My Administration has dutifully relieved the office holder of their public duties. Indeed, I have this morning executed the legal instrument revoking the appointment of a High Court Judge recommended for removal for corruption related offences.

These are the outcomes of a dedicated and resolute government, undertaken within the framework of the rule of law.

Therefore, Honorable Members, to safeguard these outcomes, the institutions charged with this war need to be strengthened and not weakened.

But even with the success we have made, we cannot as yet celebrate. The challenge is still with us and requires more concerted effort to eliminate.

Hon. Members,
Kenyans have spoken loudly and challenged us as leaders to do all it takes to eradicate this cancer. This they did during the National Anti-Corruption Conference held in January this year, where they tasked me, the Speakers of Parliament, the Chief Justice and the Council of Governors to commit to various demands that would entrench and widen the fight against corruption.

Mindful of my cardinal responsibility, which is to serve Kenyans as bestowed upon me by the Constitution, my Administration has opened an all-out assault on Corruption.

In pursuit of this noble endeavor, my Administration has strengthened the investigative, law-enforcement and prosecutorial functions of Government and embraced the multi-agency approach to encourage joint intelligence sharing, investigation and prosecution.  These measures have already reaped visible rewards. 

Hon. Members,
It is not enough to merely jail and fine those who have looted our public coffers. The wealth they stole from Kenyans must be returned to its owners, the People of Kenya with the clear message being that Corruption does not pay.  It is in this context that we have entered into asset recovery agreements with foreign countries in pursuit of a robust restitution strategy.

In the reporting period, the Asset Recovery Agency has investigated 20 cases and preserved assets worth Kshs. 1.1 Billion. Assets worth Kshs. 72 Million were forfeited to the Government. Further, recovery proceedings of corruptly acquired property valued at Kshs. 7.5 Billion were instituted. Additionally, assets worth Kshs. 2.5 Billion were recovered while bank accounts holding Kshs. 264 Million were frozen, pending determination of recovery proceedings.

We have also introduced new accountability measures applicable at all stages of the public finance management cycle as a critical prevention strategy.

Mr. Speaker,
We must accept the truth, that is; one or two branches of Government cannot hope to solve this problem on their own. 

That is why we look to the Judiciary to do their part, to apply the law firmly and fairly; and for Parliament to uphold high standards, mindful of the strategic interests of the nation in the exercise of their legislative and oversight mandate. 

We need to ensure that Corruption cases are heard and determined on a priority basis. Kenyans are waiting to see more convictions and far less cynical exploitation of court processes to protect the guilty.

I particularly urge the Judiciary not to appear to protect their own or allow the abuse of privilege in cases where their officials are suspected of, or are under active investigation for corruption.

On its part, Parliament should seek to selflessly serve in public trust and guard against pursuits of self-interests. 

In saying this, I do not presume to direct the Judiciary or Parliament, that is certainly not my constitutional place; but it is my duty, as the Head of State, to remind every arm of Government of their solemn duty and the high expectations of Kenyans as espoused in our National Values.

Mr. Speaker,
I also urge the county governments to work with the national government in this most important task of moral re-awakening. 

Equally important, I urge every public and private institution in Kenya to join us in waging this war against corruption and economic crimes. If you love your country, you should reject corruption, and all those who steal the sweat of your countrymen.

This is one war, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am certain we will win. 

Hon. Members,
I must, however, caution that the pursuit of the corrupt will be undertaken strictly within the remits of the law – and not through vigilante justice and pitchfork protest.  Though media narratives rally our resolve as they should, our actions will not be based on condemnation before one has been heard.

The cornerstone of our democracy is the rule of law, and the principle of due process is a critical anchor.

We must aspire abidingly to this ideal, and ensure that we do not pursue justice in one area through injustice in another.  I remain confident in our investigative and prosecutorial institutions to diligently deliver justice on the strength of the evidence and in fidelity to the law.

Mr. Speaker, Honorable Members,
As I have I done before, I undertake to act and remove from government any individual who will have a case to answer before court.

Once again Mr. Speaker, I wish to emphasize our place in history and the national endeavor to strengthen rather than weaken our investigating and prosecuting agencies.

Mr. Speaker,
I have spoken at length on what we have achieved in pursuit of our development agenda, and the challenges we still need to confront so as to realise the BETTER KENYA we all desire. 

But I must once again make it clear we must work together – the Executive, the Judiciary, the Parliament and the Citizens, if we are to deal effectively with the challenges standing in our way and, in particular, the fight against the corruption jigger.  I count on all Kenyans in this struggle.

There will be no turning back in the War against Corruption and Impunity.  There will be no sacred cows, no compromise.  The fight against corruption is a fight for the soul of our nation. 

The values of integrity, hard work and sacrifice must be reinstated and held dear in the eyes of our children. I intend to be the President that delivers this future.

Finally, Mr. Speaker, it is now my pleasure to submit to Parliament the following three Reports as required by the Constitution:
(a) Report on Measures Taken and Progress Achieved in the Realisation of National Values, 2018;
(b) Report on Progress Made in Fulfilling the International Obligations of the Republic, 2018; and
(c) Report on the State of Security of Kenya, 2018.

Thank you and God bless Kenya.

Court suspends NEMA’s ban on non woven bags

BY PRUDENCE WANZA – The court has suspended the directive by National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) to stop the use of non-woven bags until 3rd, May 2019.
The court ruled that the directive was made without consultations with the stake holders and the public which is unconstitutional.

According to NEMA Non-woven carrier bags were an emergency measure to assist in the absence of plastic carrier bags but the authority now says their quality has been compromised.

The court ruled that the directive was made without consultations with the stake holders and the public which is unconstitutional 

The application was filed by Kenya Bureau of Standards Seeking to stop the directive by NEMA and therefore they have the duty to continue to import and manufacture the non-woven bags till 3rd of May 2019.

Jubilee Insurance Company worker has pleaded guilty to stealing Sh 250,000.

BY PRUDENCE WANZA – Fredrick Otieno Odongo, appeared before senior resident magistrate Caroline Muthoni Nzibe at Milimani Law Courts and pleaded guilty to stealing a total of Ksh. 250,000

The court case that has been heard twice, on September 27, 2017 and February 12, 2019 in Nairobi, concluded that Fredrick stole Sh 250,000 worth of property from Jubilee Insurance Company
The facts of the case will be read on 5th April 2019 to determine whether he will be sentenced or he will be released on fine.

President Barack Obama relives fond memories of his historic Kenyan visits

President Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States of America, has said that one of his most memorable trip abroad was when he visited Kenya in his mid 20’s.
The former US President with roots in Kenya who met First Lady Margaret Kenyatta at the 19th World Travel and Tourism Global Summit in Seville, Spain, spoke as he interacted with delegates drawn from across the world.

He said he made the trip to Kenya because he wanted to understand his heritage, the place where his father was born and also to meet members of his extended family.
President Obama acknowledged the presence of the Kenyan First Lady and expressed his gratitude saying he was pleased to see her representing Kenya at the summit.
When asked about how travel has shaped his world view, President Obama said travel helps to remind people of their heritage and the diversity of the human race.
“Travel also reminds us what we are, what we share and what we have in common,” said the former US President.


He gave a narration, saying that if you see a child playing and laughing in Kenya, and travel to Hawaii you will experience a similar thing repeated but by a child from a different background.
“This is the commonality we are talking about,” President Obama said.

He expressed his interest in the young generation saying the youth are more adaptable to different cultures and environment without many reservations.
“Young people are more tolerant and not afraid of the unfamiliar or change,” the former US President said.
First Lady Margaret Kenyatta expressed her delight at having to once again meet the former US Head of State whom she hosted at State House, Nairobi twice in the past both as a sitting President and after his retirement.

Samburu Governor Moses Lenolkulal released on a bond of Ksh.30 Million

BY PRUDENCE WANZA – Governor Moses Lenolkulal to be released on a bond of Ksh. 30,000,000million and an alternative cash bail of Ksh. 10,000,000.
This is after an application made to the high court by his lawyer Paul Nyamodi, seeking that the bond be reviewed.

Earlier at the Anti-corruption court, Lenolkulal was to be released on a bond of Ksh. 150,000,000million. 
High court judge, Mumbi Ngugi,in her ruling has indicated that indeed the bond terms imposed were excessive and may well amount to denial of bail. 

Governor Lenolkulal was arraigned in court on 2nd April, facing charges of obtaining 84.7million shillings to supply fuel to his county

The other thirteen accused persons shall present themselves in court tomorrow to take plea. 

First Lady attends official opening of the 19th World Travel and Tourism Global Summit in Seville, Spain

First Lady Margaret Kenyatta attended the opening ceremony of the 19th World Travel and Tourism Global Summit in Seville, Spain.

The First Lady was received at the opening ceremony by the Mayor of Seville City Juan Espadas Cejas for the event which is centered on the theme of ‘changemakers’ and is aimed at equipping delegates with ideas to enable them craft a sustainable travel and tourism industry.

This year’s event is the biggest of its kind and has attracted over 1,500 delegates from across the world.

Secretary General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization Mr. Zurab Pololikashvilii expressed his gratitude to Kenya’s First Lady saying her leadership and presence at the summit was a clear demonstration of Kenya’s commitment to the promotion of travel and tourism as an important economic sector.

Speaking during the opening ceremony, President Pedro Sanchez of Spain expressed gratitude to all visitors as well as the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) noting that travel and tourism enhances peoples world view.



“Nothing develops intelligence more than travel. We get to know ourselves and others,” said President Sanchez.

He pointed out that travel is an essential engine of growth and that Spain’s economy benefited immensely from the over 83 million travellers the country received in 2018 and expects more arrivals this year.

President Sanchez called for the opening up of new travel and tourism frontiers especially in rural areas so as to expand and better distribute the wealth generated by the industry.

The President of WTTC Gloria Guevara said rapid changes in technology have helped grow and change the outlook of the travel and tourism industry.



“Innovation has changed the entire outlook of our industry and helped enhance the experience of travellers. It provides us with a sense of independence,” she said.

The WTTC head said the sector has seen unprecedented growth in recent years but cautioned stakeholders to be alert of new demands by travellers and consumers of tourism products who are today better informed.

First Lady Margaret Kenyatta also met the 44th US President Barack Obama on the sidelines of the opening ceremony.

President Obama expressed his gratitude to the First Lady and Kenya for being at the forefront in the promotion of the travel and tourism industry saying the First Lady’s participation at the global event is a clear demonstration of Kenya’s commitment to the sector.

The First Lady, who arrived yesterday in Spain, is scheduled to give a keynote address at the Global Summit tomorrow on the theme, “Africa Rising”.

Advocate of the high court charged of obtaining money by falsely

BY PRUDENCE WANZA – An advocate of the  high court has been charged in court for obtaining Ksh. 4million from one Patrick Guy, pretending that he would sell him gold. 
The accused , Malinzi Lucky Kwesiga, has however denied the charges before the Chief Magistrate at the Milimani Law Courts

Malinzi Lucky Kwesiga, has however denied the charges before the Chief Magistrate at the Milimani Law Courts | Prudence Wanza


According to his lawyer, the matter should be handled by the relevant body since the incident happened during the line of his duties as an advocate. 
However the prosecution claims that the charges are clear and it is a case of a person obtaining money falsely. Therefore the matter should be handled in court. 
He will be released on a cash bail of Ksh. 500,000. The hearing has been set on 15th May, 2019.

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